Malta
SEASONINGS
Maltese cuisine leans towards fresh herbs for flavoring rather than strong spices, which are actually used subtly. Mint, parsley, capers, and garlic are some of the signature ingredients that define the Maltese flavors.
Traditional dishes often feature tomato sauces made from fresh tomatoes or paste. Tomato paste, called kunserva by locals, is a thick and concentrated product created by simmering tomatoes until the moisture evaporates. Another characteristic ingredient is tadam imqadded – sun-dried tomatoes, which are widely used for their intense tomato flavor. Red wine and anchovies are often used for depth; olive oil is a primary fat.
MALTAISE SAUCE is a well-known variation of the classic French Hollandaise, made with butter, egg yolks, and lemon juice. It takes Hollandaise as a base but substitutes lemon juice with orange juice, resulting in a still citrusy yet slightly sweeter sauce. It is likely not a common menu item in Malta, but more of a French culinary creation that uses a Maltese ingredient.
Australia
SEASONINGS
In this multicultural mess, it is rather difficult to define what flavors are distinctly Australian mainstream. Let’s try to list them down, even if they came from somewhere else originally.
Salt and pepper are fundamental, garlic is very important, and lemon is huge, whether it’s fresh lemon juice on seafood, lemon pepper seasoning, or preserved lemons in salads. Rosemary is a popular herb, especially with lamb, and fresh parsley, basil, and cilantro are standard in most home kitchens.
The Asian influence has made soy sauce, sesame oil, and ginger incredibly common, while chili has been fully adopted. Dukkah has become very Australian despite its Middle Eastern origins, and you’ll find it sprinkled on avocado toast or used as a crust.
Paprika, both sweet and smoked, shows up constantly, and there’s a real love for Mediterranean flavors like olive oil, wine, and sun-dried tomatoes. BBQ sauce and tomato sauce (ketchup) are basically food groups, and anything ‘smoky’ or ‘charred’ fits that barbie culture.
What’s emerged is this palette that’s basically Mediterranean-Asian-Anglo fusion—fresh, bright flavors that work with seafood and grilled meats, without being too fussy or complicated.
Australia doesn’t have a long history of spice cultivation, but it does have a growing reputation for unique native flavorings:
WATTLESEED – roasted and ground, it has a nutty, coffee-like flavor; used in desserts, bread, and rubs.
LEMON MYRTLE –intense citrusy aroma, used in teas, seafood, desserts, and spice blends.
PEPPERBERRY / TASMANIAN PEPPERLEAF – spicy, woody, and slightly sweet; used as a pepper substitute.
SALTBUSH – is a hardy herbal bush that thrives in arid conditions, salty and earthy, used as a herb or dried into a spice.
FINGER LIME – unique, elongated native citrus, often called ‘citrus caviar’ because of its tiny, pearl-like juice vesicles.
SAUCES
TOMATO SAUCE (KETCHUP) – sweeter and less tangy than American ketchup, often eaten with meat pies and sausage rolls.
BBQ SAUCE – a thick, sweet, and smoky sauce used for grilling meats. Australian versions tend to be sweeter, smokier, and sometimes with a hint of bush spices.
VEGEMITE spread is iconic in Australia and is often used on toast or in cooking. It has a strong, salty, umami flavor. Vegemite was created in 1922 to replace British Marmite during wartime shortages. It is rich in B vitamins and has become so iconic that it was included in Australian WWII soldier rations.
MINT SAUCE – commonly served with roast lamb, a classic Australian Sunday roast dish. It’s a mix of mint, vinegar, and sugar.