Cyprus
SEASONINGS
Cypriots ground up their flavors with fresh ingredients. They start with ripe tomatoes, cucumbers, lemons, greens, olives, and herbs that grow like weeds in the countryside. When they season seafood, it’s often just lemon, sea salt, and olive oil. Simple. Confident.
Herbs define the cooking style. Fresh mint gets heavy use in Cypriot cooking. It’s mixed into meatballs keftedes, salads, cheese pies. Often used alongside cinnamon. Oregano, parsley, and thyme add aroma to grilled meats.
Spices are used sparingly, except for coriander, which gives a warm citrus note in pork dishes, sausages, and breads. Aromatic onions and garlic form the base of many dishes, and bay leaves are often added to stews and rice. Salt, acid, and fat balance play a big role. Halloumi brings salt and chew. Olives bring punch. Lemon brightens almost everything. Olive oil ties dishes together. Many traditional meat dishes rely on red wine to build flavor.
Mahlab, with its sweet, almond-like flavor, features pastries; sesame seeds and tahini dips are also loved. Honey, preserved fruits sweeten desserts, and rose water provides fragrance.
There’s also a love of contrast. Hot grilled meats with cool yogurt or tzatziki. Crunchy salads next to tender braises. Salty cheeses with sweet watermelon in the summer. That mix keeps the food lively and refreshing.
SAUCES
TAHINI / TASHI sauce – tahini, lemon juice, garlic, cumin, olive oil and water. This sauce is served with grilled meats.
TALATOURI is Cyprus’s version of tzatziki. The key difference is that it uses fresh or dried mint and lemon juice instead of dill. The base is yogurt mixed with grated cucumber, garlic, and olive oil.
TARAMASALATA rounds out the trio. It’s made from cod roe, milk-soaked bread, potatoes, and olive oil, blended into a puree.
Australia
SEASONINGS
In this multicultural mess, it is rather difficult to define what flavors are distinctly Australian mainstream. Let’s try to list them down, even if they came from somewhere else originally.
Salt and pepper are fundamental, garlic is very important, and lemon is huge, whether it’s fresh lemon juice on seafood, lemon pepper seasoning, or preserved lemons in salads. Rosemary is a popular herb, especially with lamb, and fresh parsley, basil, and cilantro are standard in most home kitchens.
The Asian influence has made soy sauce, sesame oil, and ginger incredibly common, while chili has been fully adopted. Dukkah has become very Australian despite its Middle Eastern origins, and you’ll find it sprinkled on avocado toast or used as a crust.
Paprika, both sweet and smoked, shows up constantly, and there’s a real love for Mediterranean flavors like olive oil, wine, and sun-dried tomatoes. BBQ sauce and tomato sauce (ketchup) are basically food groups, and anything ‘smoky’ or ‘charred’ fits that barbie culture.
What’s emerged is this palette that’s basically Mediterranean-Asian-Anglo fusion—fresh, bright flavors that work with seafood and grilled meats, without being too fussy or complicated.
Australia doesn’t have a long history of spice cultivation, but it does have a growing reputation for unique native flavorings:
WATTLESEED – roasted and ground, it has a nutty, coffee-like flavor; used in desserts, bread, and rubs.
LEMON MYRTLE –intense citrusy aroma, used in teas, seafood, desserts, and spice blends.
PEPPERBERRY / TASMANIAN PEPPERLEAF – spicy, woody, and slightly sweet; used as a pepper substitute.
SALTBUSH – is a hardy herbal bush that thrives in arid conditions, salty and earthy, used as a herb or dried into a spice.
FINGER LIME – unique, elongated native citrus, often called ‘citrus caviar’ because of its tiny, pearl-like juice vesicles.
SAUCES
TOMATO SAUCE (KETCHUP) – sweeter and less tangy than American ketchup, often eaten with meat pies and sausage rolls.
BBQ SAUCE – a thick, sweet, and smoky sauce used for grilling meats. Australian versions tend to be sweeter, smokier, and sometimes with a hint of bush spices.
VEGEMITE spread is iconic in Australia and is often used on toast or in cooking. It has a strong, salty, umami flavor. Vegemite was created in 1922 to replace British Marmite during wartime shortages. It is rich in B vitamins and has become so iconic that it was included in Australian WWII soldier rations.
MINT SAUCE – commonly served with roast lamb, a classic Australian Sunday roast dish. It’s a mix of mint, vinegar, and sugar.