Bhutanese vs Mexican food & cuisine

Wheat, introduced by the Spanish, thrives in northern Mexico and appears in tortillas, empanadas, sauces, pasta, and breads such as pan dulce, bolillos, and conchas.

Rice is a staple side paired with beans. The classic preparation is arroz rojo (red rice) or arroz mexicano, where fluffy grains are cooked with tomatoes, onions, and garlic.

Other ancient grains like chia and quinoa aren’t as common, but they’ve got deep roots in Mexican cooking. Chia seeds used to fuel Aztec warriors back in the day, and you’ll still find them in drinks like agua fresca de chía.

Avocados are the green gold of Mexico – creamy, nutty flesh pairs well with spicy tacos and sandwiches. Guacamole has been made since Aztec times, though the original version was mashed avocados.

Little foods come without chiles in Mexico – the country has about 64 different species, with hundreds of varieties. Some of the most known varieties are fresh – jalapeño, poblano, chilaca, mirasol, serrano, habanero, chile de árbol and some dried – chipotle (dried and smoked jalapeño), ancho (dried poblano), mulato (a darker dried poblano), pasilla (dried chilaca), guajillo (dried mirasol). Dried chiles are integral to sauces such as mole, as well as in salsas and marinades.

Other staple vegetables of Mexico include beans, squash, tomatoes, tomatillos, Mexican husk tomatoes, nopales (cactus pads), chayote (a green, pear-shaped vegetable with a crisp texture and a mild, slightly sweet, and nutty flavor), and jicama, a Mexican turnip.

Many tropical fruits are grown in Mexico –  limes, mangoes, papayas, platanos, guavas, soursop (anona), prickly pears, mameys (sweet and creamy oval-shaped fruit described as a mix of sweet potato, pumpkin, and apricot), blackberries, black sapotes, pitayas, passion fruits, star fruits. Also, many regional, exotic, limited, and intensely flavored fruits.  Fresh lime is a symbol of Mexican cuisine, a key ingredient, and an essential table staple.

In northern Mexico, due to its ranching tradition, beef is more prominent, think carne asada (grilled meat) and machaca (dried spiced beef of pork). Coastal regions rely more on seafood; in central and southern Mexico, pork and chicken are common. Mexican cooks are masters at taking cheaper cuts and elevating them. Barbacoa – once slow-cooked in agave-lined pits – still reflects that patient tradition. Cochinita pibil marinates pork in achiote and sour orange, then wraps it in banana leaves until it melts. Birria takes goat or beef and transforms it with hours of simmering in chiles and spices.

Milk and dairy are not as ubiquitous. Cheese, such as queso fresco, is more commonly used than milk or cream in traditional Mexican cooking. Additionally, cotija cheese, an aged, salty, and crumbly cow’s milk cheese, pairs well with tacos, enchiladas, and tostadas. Dairy-based dishes and beverages, such as horchata and flan, are more common in certain regions or as part of specific celebratory meals rather than nationwide staples.

Almonds, peanuts, and sometimes pecans are important in sauces. For example, mole poblano often combines almonds or peanuts with chilies and chocolate. Pipian (pumpkin seed sauce) relies on toasted pumpkin seeds as the base.

Traditionally, lard was the main cooking fat, used for frying tortillas, tamales, and refried beans. Today, corn or canola oil are common replacements; olive oil is important in Veracruz and other coastal areas, but they’re not central overall.